Kemal Karagöz

∇×𝐄=−∂𝐁∂t\nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t}

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Author: kkaragoz

  • 5G (New Radio [NR]) Core Network (CN)

    5G (New Radio [NR]) Core Network (CN)

    I would like to share my experiences and knowledge regarding the 5G Core Network, drawing heavily from 3GPP, ETSI, and Cisco standards. I have already written about the general structure of 5G CN and network slicing on my wiki page (https://wiki.kkaragoz.com), which you can explore for background information. My goal with this 5G NR blog…

  • Analyzing an Antenna Paper: Dipole Antenna with Integrated Balun – 1

    Analyzing an Antenna Paper: Dipole Antenna with Integrated Balun – 1

    I will share my experiences and methodology about examining, analyzing and testing (if it possible) the antenna papers / articles. I am referencing and analyzing the dipole antenna with integrated balun design of Votis et al. [2]. Thanks for their precious work. I am ordinarily encountered incorrect information regarding the antenna dimensions in papers which…

  • Bowtie Antenna

    Bowtie Antenna

    Introduction Normally when we design an antenna we have to calculating the size of the antenna with respect to the wavelength of the desired frequency. “Half-wavelength Dipole Antenna” specified, we should make the antenna length equal to half of the wavelength in resonance frequency. This for 5GHz we need to use extremely small antenna sizes,…

  • Ultrasonic Transducer Transmitter Driver Circuit

    Ultrasonic Transducer Transmitter Driver Circuit

    Distance measuring is based on firing pulse and measuring the flight time of sound waves. We clearly know that ultrasonic transducers are driven with 40kHz PWM signal. Continuous PWM signal will not satisfy the conditions of distance measuring. Hence, we should trigger the transmitters with another fully-controllable PWM signal to measure the distance. We can’t…

  • Introduction to Ultrasonic Transducer Driver Circuit

    Introduction to Ultrasonic Transducer Driver Circuit

    Distance Measurement with Ultrasonic Sensors Ultrasonics sensor has a crystal which can resonates with 40kHz signal. To drive the ultrasonic sensor, we should generate 40kHz square wave with 50% duty cycle. Fundamental logic behind measuring the distance with ultrasonic sensor using 40kHz PWM signal is phase shift between trigger and echo signals of transducers. Then,…

  • Ultrasonic Transducer – Transmitter & Receiver

    Ultrasonic Transducer – Transmitter & Receiver

    Ultrasonic Transducer Ultrasonics sensors are used for anti-collision safety, object detection, park sensors and more. For developing special kind of ultrasonic system to solve a problem, we should understand the working, driving and receiving principle of the ultrasonic transducers first. Brief Introduction for HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and Ultrasonic Transducers Ultrasonic transducers converts the electrical energy…

  • PESA (Pasif Elektronik Taramalı Dizi) Anten

    PESA (Pasif Elektronik Taramalı Dizi) Anten

    PESA Teknolojisi Radar ve iletişim sistemlerinde sürekli yeni anten türleri ve algoritmaları çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan günümüzde diğer antenlere nazaran farklı çalışan ve bence daha büyüleyici olan antenlerden biri olan Passive Electronically Scanned Array (PESA) antenlerden kısaca bahsedeceğim. PESA anten faz dizili anten türüdür. Peki faz dizili anten ne demek? Yandaki animasyonda gördüğünüz gibi farklı fazlarda sinyal…

  • Hello world!

    Hello world!

    Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing!