5G (New Radio [NR]) Core Network (CN)

I would like to share my experiences and knowledge regarding the 5G Core Network, drawing heavily from 3GPP, ETSI, and Cisco standards. I have already written about the general structure of 5G CN and network slicing on my wiki page…

Bowtie Antenna

Introduction Normally when we design an antenna we have to calculating the size of the antenna with respect to the wavelength of the desired frequency. “Half-wavelength Dipole Antenna” specified, we should make the antenna length equal to half of the…

Ultrasonic Transducer Transmitter Driver Circuit

Distance measuring is based on firing pulse and measuring the flight time of sound waves. We clearly know that ultrasonic transducers are driven with 40kHz PWM signal. Continuous PWM signal will not satisfy the conditions of distance measuring. Hence, we…

HC-SR04 front view

Introduction to Ultrasonic Transducer Driver Circuit

Distance Measurement with Ultrasonic Sensors Ultrasonics sensor has a crystal which can resonates with 40kHz signal. To drive the ultrasonic sensor, we should generate 40kHz square wave with 50% duty cycle. Fundamental logic behind measuring the distance with ultrasonic sensor…

a pair of transducers

Ultrasonic Transducer – Transmitter & Receiver

Ultrasonic Transducer Ultrasonics sensors are used for anti-collision safety, object detection, park sensors and more. For developing special kind of ultrasonic system to solve a problem, we should understand the working, driving and receiving principle of the ultrasonic transducers first.…

Passive Electronically Scanned Array Radar Antenna

PESA (Pasif Elektronik Taramalı Dizi) Anten

PESA Teknolojisi Radar ve iletişim sistemlerinde sürekli yeni anten türleri ve algoritmaları çıkmaktadır. Bunlardan günümüzde diğer antenlere nazaran farklı çalışan ve bence daha büyüleyici olan antenlerden biri olan Passive Electronically Scanned Array (PESA) antenlerden kısaca bahsedeceğim. PESA anten faz dizili…