{"id":37,"date":"2023-12-29T09:27:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T09:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.kkaragoz.com\/?p=37"},"modified":"2023-12-29T09:31:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T09:31:21","slug":"ultrasonic-transducer-transmitter-receiver","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.kkaragoz.com\/index.php\/2023\/12\/29\/ultrasonic-transducer-transmitter-receiver\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrasonic Transducer – Transmitter & Receiver"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ultrasonic Transducer<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Ultrasonics sensors are used for anti-collision safety, object detection, park sensors and more. For developing special kind of ultrasonic system to solve a problem, we should understand the working, driving and receiving principle of the ultrasonic transducers first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brief Introduction for HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and Ultrasonic Transducers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Figure – 1: <\/strong>A pair of ultrasonic transducer<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Ultrasonic transducers converts the electrical energy into ultrasonic vibrations or ultrasonic vibrations into electrical energy. In this article, I will examine ultrasonic transducers that work with ultrasonic sound waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As shown in the Figure-1<\/em> there is one receiver and one transmitter exists. There is no driver or amplifier circuit connected to them. To be able drive this transducers, we should examine the principles of the receiver and transducers separately. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

By reviewing a device that already exists, we can more easily understand how to use them and get a clean start. Let’s examine the HC-SR04 physically.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

As shown in the Figure-2 and Figure-3, same transducers used for HC-SR04 module. When we examine the pin structures, we see VCC, GND, Trig and Echo pins. The supply voltage of the module is 5V. Let’s examine backside of the HC-SR04 module. Back view of the module shown in the Figure-3. There are two nameless integrated circuit and one LM324 IC. LM324 is a single supply quad operational amplifier integrated circuit. For technical information you can examine the related data-sheet<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information: the data sheet of LM324<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"HC-SR04
Figure – 2:<\/strong> HC-SR04 Front View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure – 3:<\/strong> HC-SR04 Back View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Transmitter of the HC-SR04 module generates 40kHz ultrasonic sound wave and receiver of the module detects reflected sound waves. Sound wave propagates in air medium. After generating the sound wave, the signal propagates until collides with any object then reflects from the object. Receiver of the HC-SR04 module detects the reflected sound waves. When we want to determine how far is the collided object is, we should apply the following basic physics formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\\[distance = \\frac{velocity}{time}\\]\n